src/examples/karman.c

    Bénard–von Kármán Vortex Street for flow around a cylinder at Re=160

    An example of 2D viscous flow around a simple solid boundary. Fluid is injected to the left of a channel bounded by solid walls with a slip boundary condition. A passive tracer is injected in the bottom half of the inlet.

    Animation of the vorticity field.

    Animation of the tracer field.

    We use the centered Navier-Stokes solver, with embedded boundaries and advect the passive tracer f.

    #include "embed.h"
#include "navier-stokes/centered.h"
// #include "navier-stokes/perfs.h"
#include "tracer.h"

scalar f[];
scalar * tracers = {f};
double Reynolds = 160.;
int maxlevel = 9;
face vector muv[];

    The domain is eight units long, centered vertically.

    int main()
{
  L0 = 8. [1];
  origin (-0.5, -L0/2.);
  N = 512;
  mu = muv;

    When using bview we can interactively control the Reynolds number and maximum level of refinement.

      display_control (Reynolds, 10, 1000);
  display_control (maxlevel, 6, 12);
  
  run(); 
}

    We set a constant viscosity based on the Reynolds number, the cylinder diameter D and the inflow velocity U0.

    double D = 0.125, U0 = 1.;

event properties (i++)
{
  foreach_face()
    muv.x[] = fm.x[]*D*U0/Reynolds;
}

    The fluid is injected on the left boundary with velocity U0. The tracer is injected in the lower-half of the left boundary. An outflow condition is used on the right boundary.

    u.n[left]  = dirichlet(U0);
p[left]    = neumann(0.);
pf[left]   = neumann(0.);
f[left]    = dirichlet(y < 0);

u.n[right] = neumann(0.);
p[right]   = dirichlet(0.);
pf[right]  = dirichlet(0.);

    The top and bottom walls are free-slip and the cylinder is no-slip.

    u.n[embed] = fabs(y) > 0.25 ? neumann(0.) : dirichlet(0.);
u.t[embed] = fabs(y) > 0.25 ? neumann(0.) : dirichlet(0.);

event init (t = 0)
{

    The domain is the intersection of a channel of width unity and a circle of diameter 0.125.

      solid (cs, fs, intersection (intersection (0.5 - y, 0.5 + y),
			       sqrt(sq(x) + sq(y)) - D/2.));

    We set the initial velocity field.

      foreach()
    u.x[] = cs[] ? U0 : 0.;
}

    We check the number of iterations of the Poisson and viscous problems.

    event logfile (i++)
  fprintf (stderr, "%d %g %d %d\n", i, t, mgp.i, mgu.i);

    We produce animations of the vorticity and tracer fields…

    event movies (i += 4; t <= 15.)
{
  scalar omega[], m[];
  vorticity (u, omega);
  foreach()
    m[] = cs[] - 0.5;
  output_ppm (omega, file = "vort.mp4", box = {{-0.5,-0.5},{7.5,0.5}},
	      min = -10, max = 10, linear = true, mask = m);
  output_ppm (f, file = "f.mp4", box = {{-0.5,-0.5},{7.5,0.5}},
	      linear = false, min = 0, max = 1, mask = m);
}

    We adapt according to the error on the embedded geometry, velocity and tracer fields.

    event adapt (i++) {
  adapt_wavelet ({cs,u,f}, (double[]){1e-2,3e-2,3e-2,3e-2}, maxlevel, 4);
}

    See also