Solitary wave run-up on a plane beach

We use the Green-Naghdi solver to reproduce this classical test case based on the experiments of Synolakis, 1987.

``````#include "grid/multigrid1D.h"
#include "green-naghdi.h"
``````

The problem is non-dimensionalised by the water depth ${h}_{0}$ and the acceleration of gravity. The amplitude of the solitary wave is 0.28 and the slope of the beach is 1/19.85. The length $L$ is the estimated wavelength of the solitary wave (see section 4.3 of Yamazaki et al, 2009). We set the coordinate system (X0 and L0) so that the origin is the intersection of the beach with the water level.

``````double h0 = 1., a = 0.28, L;
double slope = 1./19.85;

int main() {
double k = sqrt(3.*a/4/cube(h0));
L = 2./k*acosh(sqrt(1./0.05));
X0 = - h0/slope - L/2. - L;
L0 = 6.*L;
N = 1024;
G = 1.;
alpha_d = 1.;``````

We try to tune the “breaking slope” to get better agreement for $t=20$.

``````  breaking = 0.4;
run();
}``````

The initial wave is the analytical soliton for the Green-Naghdi equations.

``````double sech2 (double x) {
double a = 2./(exp(x) + exp(-x));
return a*a;
}

double soliton (double x, double t)
{
double c = sqrt(G*(1. + a)*h0), ψ = x - c*t;
double k = sqrt(3.*a*h0)/(2.*h0*sqrt(h0*(1. + a)));
return a*h0*sech2 (k*ψ);
}``````

See figure 5 of Yamazaki et al, 2009 for the definition of the bathymetry.

``````event init (i = 0)
{
double c = sqrt(G*(1. + a)*h0);
foreach() {
double η = soliton (x + h0/slope + L/2., t);
zb[] = max (slope*x, -h0);
h[] = max (0., η - zb[]);
u.x[] = c*η/(h0 + η);
}
}``````

Friction is important for this test case. We implement a simple time-implicit quadratic bottom friction and tune the coefficient to obtain a runup comparable with the experiment.

``````event friction (i++) {
foreach() {
double a = h[] < dry ? HUGE : 1. + 5e-3*dt*norm(u)/h[];
foreach_dimension()
u.x[] /= a;
}
}``````

We use gnuplot to display an animation while the simulation is running.

``````event gnuplot (i += 5) {
static FILE * fp = popen ("gnuplot", "w");
fprintf (fp,
"set title 't = %.2f'\n"
"p [-20:12][-0.2:0.6]'-' u 1:3:2 w filledcu lc 3 t '',"
" '' u 1:(-1):3 t '' w filledcu lc -1\n", t);
foreach()
fprintf (fp, "%g %g %g\n", x, η[], zb[]);
fprintf (fp, "e\n\n");
fprintf (stderr, "%.3f %.3f\n", t, statsf(u.x).max);
}``````

We output profiles at the same times as the experimental data, in separate files indexed by the time.

``````event output (t <= 65; t += 5) {
char name[80];
sprintf (name, "out-%g", t);
FILE * fp = fopen (name, "w");
foreach()
fprintf (fp, "%g %g %g\n", x, η[], zb[]);
fprintf (fp, "\n");
fclose (fp);
}``````

The agreement with the experiments (circles) is satisfactory and is comparable to the numerical results of Yamazaki et al, 2009 Figure 6, obtained with a different set of depth-averaged equations and the results of Bonneton et al, 2011, Figure 8, although this latter model seems to do a better job of capturing breaking around $t=20$ (they use a more sophisticated breaking criterion).