sandbox/M1EMN/Exemples/bump_trans.c

Saint Venant / Shallow Water “transcritical flow on a bump”,

Problem

For a given bump at the bottom of a river, find the free surface deformation.

We test the analytical linearized solution : \displaystyle h = 1 + \frac{z_b(x)}{Fr^2-1}

Shallow-Water Saint-Venant model

The classical Shallow Water Equations in 1D with a topography and no friction. \displaystyle \left\{\begin{array}{l} \partial_t h+\partial_x Q=0\\ \partial_t Q+ \partial_x \left[\dfrac{Q^2}{h}+g\dfrac{h^2}{2}\right] = - gh \partial_x z_b \end{array}\right. with a given topography z_b(x), and we vary the Froude number Fr. As we are without dimension, g=1, the depth is measured with unit, and the initial velocity will be Fr, in practice z_b=\alpha exp(-x^2) with \alpha=0.1

Depending on the Froude number, the free surface will present various deformations.

Code

#include "grid/cartesian1D.h"
#include "saint-venant.h"
double tmax,Fr;

free output

u.n[left]   = neumann(0);
u.n[right]  = neumann(0); 
h[left]   = neumann(0);
h[right]  = neumann(0);

start by a constant flow

event init (i = 0)
{
  foreach(){
    zb[] =  .1*exp(-x*x);
    h[] =  1 - zb[];
    u.x[] = Fr;
   }
   boundary({zb,h,u});

#ifdef gnuX
  printf("\nset grid\n");
#endif    
}

position of domain X0, length L0, no dimension G=1 run with 512 points (less is not enough). Do a loop on Froude

int main() {
  X0 = -10.;
  L0 = 20.;
  G = 1;
  N = 512;
  tmax=50;
  
  double FF[4]={ .2 , .4 , 0.65  , 2};  // loop on Froude
  
  for (int iF=0;iF<=3;iF++){ 
    Fr = FF[iF];
  run();}
}

Output in gnuplot if the flag gnuX is defined

#ifdef gnuX
event plot (t<tmax;t+=0.2) {
    printf("set title 'Ressaut en 1D --- t= %.2lf  Fr= %g '\n"
      "Fr= %g ;Z(x)=0.1*exp(-x*x); h(x)=1+Z(x)/(Fr*Fr-1);   ; "
      "p[%g:%g][-.25:2.25]  '-' u 1:($2+$4) t'free surface' w l lt 3,"
      "'' u 1:($2*$3) t'Q' w l lt 4,\\\n"
      "'' u 1:4 t'topo' w l lt -1,\\\n"
      "h(x) t 'theo h(x) w p'\n",
           t,Fr,Fr,X0,X0+L0);
    foreach()
    printf ("%g %g %g %g %g\n", x, h[], u.x[], zb[], t);
    printf ("e\n\n");
}

Output at the end if not defined

#else
event end(t=tmax ) {
    foreach()
    printf ("%g %g %g %g %g %g \n", x, h[], u.x[], zb[], t, Fr);
}
#endif

Run

To compile and run with gnuplot:

  qcc -DgnuX=1   -O2   -o bump_trans bump_trans.c  -lm;  ./bump_trans | gnuplot

To compile and plot gnuplot at the end :

  qcc  -O2   -o bump_trans bump_trans.c  -lm 

Plots

Plot of free surface and comparison with the nalaytical linearized solution : \displaystyle h = 1 + \frac{z_b(x)}{Fr^2-1}

sub critical case Fr=0.2

In this case, the water depth presents a depression, flowx is accelerated over the bump

 set xlabel "x"
  h(x) = (1+Z(x)/(Fr*Fr-1))
 Z(x)=0.1*exp(-x*x); 
 Fr=0.2
 p [:][-.5:1.5] 'out' u 1:($6==Fr? $2: NaN) t'free surface' w lp lc 3, '' u 1:4 t'zb' w l lc -1, '' u 1:($6==Fr? (1+$4/($6*$6-1)) : NaN)  w l lc 1 t 'analytic'
 

result, free surface (blue) and bottom (black) Fr=0.2 (script)

sub critical case Fr=0.4

In this case, the water depth presents a depression, flowx is accelerated over the bump

 set xlabel "x" 
 Fr=0.4
 p [:][-.5:1.5] 'out' u 1:($6==Fr? $2: NaN) t'free surface' w lp lc 3, '' u 1:4 t'zb' w l lc -1, '' u 1:($6==Fr? (1+$4/($6*$6-1)) : NaN)  w l lc 1 t 'analytic'

result, free surface (blue) and bottom (black) Fr=0.4 (script)

Trans critical case Fr=0.65,

in this case Fr=1 at the top of the bump, then the flow in supercritical in the lee side. note the recompression hydrolic jump.

 set xlabel "x" 
 Fr=0.65
 p [:][-.5:1.5] 'out' u 1:($6==Fr? $2: NaN) t'free surface' w lp lc 3, '' u 1:4 t'zb' w l lc -1, '' u 1:($6==Fr? (1+$4/($6*$6-1)) : NaN)  w l lc 1 t 'analytic'

result, free surface (blue) and bottom (black) Fr=0.65 (script)

Super critical case Fr=2,

In this case, the water depth presents a hump, flowx is decelerated over the bump

 set xlabel "x" 
 Fr=2
 p [:][-.5:1.5] 'out' u 1:($6==Fr? $2: NaN) t'free surface' w lp lc 3, '' u 1:4 t'zb' w l lc -1, '' u 1:($6==Fr? (1+$4/($6*$6-1)) : NaN)  w l lc 1 t 'analytic'

result, free surface (blue) and bottom (black) Fr=0.65 (script)

Bibliography

• Lagrée P-Y “Equations de Saint Venant et application, Ecoulements en milieux naturels” Cours MSF12, M1 UPMC

Version 1: Montpellier 2017